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- 第6章 到农村去③
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第6章 到农村去③
2 见闻篇
做好一名下厂员，不但要付出辛苦、懂业务，还
要了解社会的方方面面。我现在的工作重点在农村，就要了解上级对农村的政策、农村的社会环境、农民的生活水平和生活状况、乃至各级领导对于我们这一行业—外贸收购业务的态度，来决定我们的工作能否有成效。当时全国农村都在学“纲要”、跨“长江”。“全国农村发展纲要”中提到：黄河以北，粮食亩产量要达到400斤，黄河到长江地区的亩产量要达到500斤，长江以南则要求亩产量达到800斤；宣传“跨长江”，则是争取每亩年产量要达到800斤以上。顺义的某些社队面亩产量已超过这个数字。在这个“宁要社会主义草，不要资本主义苗”的时代，农业生产举步维艰，稍微做一点改善生活的行为，都会被扣上“资本主义”的帽子。例如养鸡不得超过多少只、养猪不许超过多少头、鸡下的蛋不许自己吃（再说谁也吃不起，还得用它换盐呢）、自家院里的杏树、枣树结了果，只能自己吃，就算掉在地上、烂在土里，也不许拿到集市上去卖，对于我们帮助农民挣俩活钱的磨玉事业，也是褒贬不一。此时的农村最高的行政单位是公社，下设大队，再往下就是生产队。农村的经济实行的是集体所有制，生产队为基础，以生产队为单位进行生产劳作，主要以生产粮食为主。粮食成熟后，按每人300斤原粮作为口粮留下，剩余粮食按每亩应缴纳国家的公粮数如数上缴（可以理解为粮食税），而后留下种子粮和以生产队为基础的养殖场的饲料粮后，再有剩余的粮食称之为余粮。余粮必须卖给国家，而农民的收入主要就是靠卖余粮获得。顺义县是以潮白河为界，分为河东、河西两部分。河东地区地势平坦，土地肥沃，被称为北京的粮仓。由于粮食的产量高，河东生产队的工分价值要比河西那边高一些。每个工分价值5-6分钱，每个整劳动力每天最高可以挣到10个工分，全年可挣到将近200元；妇女劳作一天只能挣到8个工分；再有一些老弱病残的人，一天也就挣到5个工分。唉，这年月可千万不能得病呀！
骑着自行车，行进在田间阡陌中，总能在大的路口看到一个类似于碉堡的建筑物，又像是一座大坟头，上面有一个口，被一块大木板压着。每每靠近这个建筑时，总能闻到一股刺鼻的骚臭味。与我们同行的公社干部告诉我们，这是氨水罐，北京的每个县都有一个小型的化肥厂，专门生产含氮的氨水作为肥料，它是促进植物茎叶生长不可或缺的肥料，现在正是贮存氨水的高峰期，所以咱们不管
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